Module java.base
Package javax.security.auth.spi

Interface LoginModule

All Known Implementing Classes:
JndiLoginModule, KeyStoreLoginModule, Krb5LoginModule, LdapLoginModule, NTLoginModule, UnixLoginModule
public interface LoginModule

Service-provider interface for authentication technology providers. LoginModules are plugged in under applications to provide a particular type of authentication.

While applications write to the LoginContext API, authentication technology providers implement the LoginModule interface. A Configuration specifies the LoginModule(s) to be used with a particular login application. Therefore, different LoginModules can be plugged in under the application without requiring any modifications to the application itself.

The LoginContext is responsible for reading the Configuration and instantiating the appropriate LoginModules. Each LoginModule is initialized with a Subject, a CallbackHandler, shared LoginModule state, and LoginModule-specific options.

The Subject represents the Subject currently being authenticated and is updated with relevant Credentials if authentication succeeds. LoginModules use the CallbackHandler to communicate with users. The CallbackHandler may be used to prompt for usernames and passwords, for example. Note that the CallbackHandler may be null. LoginModules which absolutely require a CallbackHandler to authenticate the Subject may throw a LoginException. LoginModules optionally use the shared state to share information or data among themselves.

The LoginModule-specific options represent the options configured for this LoginModule by an administrator or user in the login Configuration. The options are defined by the LoginModule itself and control the behavior within it. For example, a LoginModule may define options to support debugging/testing capabilities. Options are defined using a key-value syntax, such as debug=true. The LoginModule stores the options as a Map so that the values may be retrieved using the key. Note that there is no limit to the number of options a LoginModule chooses to define.

The calling application sees the authentication process as a single operation. However, the authentication process within the LoginModule proceeds in two distinct phases. In the first phase, the LoginModule's login method gets invoked by the LoginContext's login method. The login method for the LoginModule then performs the actual authentication (prompt for and verify a password for example) and saves its authentication status as private state information. Once finished, the LoginModule's login method either returns true (if it succeeded) or false (if it should be ignored), or throws a LoginException to specify a failure. In the failure case, the LoginModule must not retry the authentication or introduce delays. The responsibility of such tasks belongs to the application. If the application attempts to retry the authentication, the LoginModule's login method will be called again.

In the second phase, if the LoginContext's overall authentication succeeded (the relevant REQUIRED, REQUISITE, SUFFICIENT and OPTIONAL LoginModules succeeded), then the commit method for the LoginModule gets invoked. The commit method for a LoginModule checks its privately saved state to see if its own authentication succeeded. If the overall LoginContext authentication succeeded and the LoginModule's own authentication succeeded, then the commit method associates the relevant Principals (authenticated identities) and Credentials (authentication data such as cryptographic keys) with the Subject located within the LoginModule.

If the LoginContext's overall authentication failed (the relevant REQUIRED, REQUISITE, SUFFICIENT and OPTIONAL LoginModules did not succeed), then the abort method for each LoginModule gets invoked. In this case, the LoginModule removes/destroys any authentication state originally saved.

Logging out a Subject involves only one phase. The LoginContext invokes the LoginModule's logout method. The logout method for the LoginModule then performs the logout procedures, such as removing Principals or Credentials from the Subject or logging session information.

A LoginModule implementation must have a constructor with no arguments. This allows classes which load the LoginModule to instantiate it.

Since:
1.4
See Also:

  • Method Summary

    Modifier and Type
    Method
    Description
    boolean
    abort()
    Method to abort the authentication process (phase 2).
    boolean
    commit()
    Method to commit the authentication process (phase 2).
    void
    initialize(Subject subject, CallbackHandler callbackHandler, Map<String,?> sharedState, Map<String,?> options)
    Initialize this LoginModule.
    boolean
    login()
    Method to authenticate a Subject (phase 1).
    boolean
    logout()
    Method which logs out a Subject.

  • Method Details

    • initialize

      void initialize(Subject subject, CallbackHandler callbackHandler, Map<String,?> sharedState, Map<String,?> options)
      Initialize this LoginModule.

      This method is called by the LoginContext after this LoginModule has been instantiated. The purpose of this method is to initialize this LoginModule with the relevant information. If this LoginModule does not understand any of the data stored in sharedState or options parameters, they can be ignored.

      Parameters:
      subject - the Subject to be authenticated.
      callbackHandler - a CallbackHandler for communicating with the end user (prompting for usernames and passwords, for example).
      sharedState - state shared with other configured LoginModules.
      options - options specified in the login Configuration for this particular LoginModule.

    • login

      boolean login() throws LoginException
      Method to authenticate a Subject (phase 1).

      The implementation of this method authenticates a Subject. For example, it may prompt for Subject information such as a username and password and then attempt to verify the password. This method saves the result of the authentication attempt as private state within the LoginModule.

      Returns:
      true if the authentication succeeded, or false if this LoginModule should be ignored.
      Throws:
      LoginException - if the authentication fails

    • commit

      boolean commit() throws LoginException
      Method to commit the authentication process (phase 2).

      This method is called if the LoginContext's overall authentication succeeded (the relevant REQUIRED, REQUISITE, SUFFICIENT and OPTIONAL LoginModules succeeded).

      If this LoginModule's own authentication attempt succeeded (checked by retrieving the private state saved by the login method), then this method associates relevant Principals and Credentials with the Subject located in the LoginModule. If this LoginModule's own authentication attempted failed, then this method removes/destroys any state that was originally saved.

      Returns:
      true if this method succeeded, or false if this LoginModule should be ignored.
      Throws:
      LoginException - if the commit fails

    • abort

      boolean abort() throws LoginException
      Method to abort the authentication process (phase 2).

      This method is called if the LoginContext's overall authentication failed. (the relevant REQUIRED, REQUISITE, SUFFICIENT and OPTIONAL LoginModules did not succeed).

      If this LoginModule's own authentication attempt succeeded (checked by retrieving the private state saved by the login method), then this method cleans up any state that was originally saved.

      Returns:
      true if this method succeeded, or false if this LoginModule should be ignored.
      Throws:
      LoginException - if the abort fails

    • logout

      boolean logout() throws LoginException
      Method which logs out a Subject.

      An implementation of this method might remove/destroy a Subject's Principals and Credentials.

      Implementation Note:
      Implementations should check if a variable is null before removing it from the Principals or Credentials set of a Subject, otherwise a NullPointerException will be thrown as these sets prohibit null elements. This is especially important if this method is called after a login failure.
      Returns:
      true if this method succeeded, or false if this LoginModule should be ignored.
      Throws:
      LoginException - if the logout fails